This study has two objectives. First, it seeks to identify the factors that influence the extent to which minimum wages are set relative to living wages and to examine how this relationship changes over time in response to shifts in policy and economic conditions. Second, it examines the potential for living wages to serve as a normative benchmark for minimum wage setting and adjustment, while exploring policy pathways for extending adequate wage protection to a broader segment of workers in the Global South. The paper synthesizes findings from six country studies on the history, structure, and evolution of minimum wage systems. The selected countries span Africa, Asia, and Latin America, providing a diverse set of experiences and policy approaches. 

This study was commissioned by the Anker Research Institute (ARI). However, the authors conducted their work independently, and the views, findings, and conclusions expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ARI, its members, or its supporting institutions

How much does it cost for a worker and their family to live a basic but decent life in Pakistan? This paper explores this question using the concept of a living wage. The paper provides consolidated and updated living wage estimates for two rural regions and one urban region of Pakistan. The paper then examines the existing policy framework on returns to labour in general and minimum wages in particular and demonstrates its shortcomings in ensuring decent wages for workers.